A new report alleges that several countries have been supplying Israel with oil and petroleum products, potentially contributing to the ongoing conflict in Gaza. The report, released by the NGO Oil Change International, identifies 25 nations as having provided Israel with oil during its operations in the Gaza Strip. The organization condemns what it describes as a fossil fuel-based system that exacerbates both the climate crisis and the alleged “genocide.”
According to the report, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan are responsible for approximately 70% of crude oil shipments to Israel between November 1, 2023, and October 1, 2025. Russia, Greece, and the United States are listed as the top exporters of refined petroleum products to Israel. Notably, the United States is reportedly the sole supplier of JP-8 jet fuel, used primarily by military aircraft.
Oil Change International asserts that the nations providing fuel to Israel during this period were fully aware of the situation on the ground. The organization states that it documented the alleged complicity of these nations to hold them accountable. They urge these countries to acknowledge their role and cease their involvement.
Data Desk, a research firm, analyzed oil flows on behalf of the NGO. The analysis identified 323 shipments during the specified period, totaling 21.2 million tons.
Irene Pietropaoli, a human rights and economic affairs researcher at the British Institute of International and Comparative Law, argues that states are obligated to comply with the International Court of Justice’s order to “prevent and punish genocide.” She stated that nations should consider that providing assistance, particularly military aid, to Israel could potentially expose them to the risk of complicity in genocide under the Genocide Convention.
A ceasefire halted Israeli operations in the Gaza Strip, which began on October 8, 2023, resulting in over 69,000 Palestinian fatalities and more than 170,000 injuries, primarily affecting children and women. The United Nations estimates the cost of reconstruction at approximately $70 billion.
