The Yemeni landscape is currently shaped by several influential actors, each wielding significant military and political power. Understanding these key players is crucial to grasping the complexities of the ongoing situation.
The Southern Transitional Council (STC): The STC reportedly holds the most extensive territorial control in Yemen, estimated at approximately 52% of the country. This influence expanded following their recent gains in Hadramout and Al Mahrah governorates. Key armed formations under the STC’s umbrella include the Hadrami Elite Forces, controlling the Hadramout coast. Founded in May 2017, the STC advocates for the restoration of South Yemen to its pre-1990 borders. They are politically represented within the internationally recognized government through the Presidential Leadership Council, with figures like Aidaroos al-Zubaidi holding prominent positions. The STC’s military strength relies on forces such as the Security Belt Forces, the Elite Forces (Shabwani and Hadrami), and the Giants Brigades.
Ansar Allah (Houthis): The Houthis control an estimated 33% of Yemen’s territory, primarily concentrated in the northern regions and densely populated areas. Their influence remains significant in these key strategic locations.
The Legitimate Government and Presidential Leadership Council: The internationally recognized Yemeni government and the Presidential Leadership Council maintain fragmented control over approximately 10% of Yemeni territory. Recent reports suggest a strong presence in Marib and parts of Taiz, forming a bulwark against Ansar Allah (Houthis).
Tareq Saleh Forces (Guardians of the Republic): These forces are positioned along the western coast, controlling roughly 5% of Yemen’s area. Their military and political structure is based in Mocha (west of Taiz governorate), serving as a logistical and operational hub with influence extending along the coastline towards Bab al-Mandab.
Hadramout Tribal Alliance and Hadramout Protection Forces: The Hadramout Tribal Alliance acts as a political tribal force advocating for Hadramout’s autonomy within a unified Yemeni state. Sources indicate intensified recruitment efforts and the establishment of local formations throughout 2025.
This complex web of actors and their respective areas of influence underscores the challenges in achieving a lasting and comprehensive resolution to the Yemeni conflict.
